What Personal Belongings Could Each Family Take on the Mayflower

The Mayflower Story

The Mayflower set sail on 16th September 1620 from Plymouth, UK, to voyage to America. Only its history and story beginning long before that.

Its passengers were in search of a new life – some seeking religious freedom, others a fresh offset in a different country. They would proceed to exist known as the Pilgrims and influence the futurity of the United states in ways they could never accept imagined.

This story isn't just about the Mayflower's passengers though. It's about the people who already lived in America and the enormous effect the arrival of these colonists would have on Native Americans and the state they had called home for centuries.

More 30 million people can trace their beginnings to the 102 passengers and approximately thirty crew aboard the Mayflower when it landed in Plymouth Bay, Massachusetts, in the harsh winter of 1620.

On board were men, women and children from different walks of life across England and the city of Leiden in Holland.

A significant number were known as Separatists, a group of people who mostly wanted to live a life costless from the electric current Church of England.

Others were on the ship for a multitude of reasons – some anticipated the chance to build a better time to come for their families and the opportunity of new land, while for others the offer of freedom and gamble was too good to decline.

So at that place were the crew themselves, plus the servants and unaccompanied children sent by their families to exist looked after by the adults.

The passengers are oftentimes grouped into 'Saints' or 'Strangers' by historians, alluding to their motivations for the journey. But it'southward likely that many 'Saints' were skilled tradesmen and many 'Strangers' had their own religious reasons for leaving 17^th century England.

The origins of these passengers tin can be traced beyond England and in the Netherlands – equally illustrated past the interactive map below.

Chiefly, the Pilgrims were not the first to state in America, nor did they discover it. In that location were already established colonies at the fourth dimension, not least Jamestown – founded in 1607.

But the Mayflower story is renowned for its themes of freedom and humanity – including the relationships kickoff formed betwixt the Native American Wampanoag tribe and the colonists and the offset Thanksgiving.

We begin much earlier than 1620, in the villages, towns and cities of England.

The King of England

The determination past Henry VIII to break away from the Roman Catholic Church – principally so he could divorce his first wife, Catherine of Aragon, had far-reaching ramifications.

He created his own church, with its own rules adamant by him - called the Church of England. In doing this, Henry was expelled past the Pope and the reformation of the English churches had started.

Many believed that Henry's new church was still too like to the Pope'due south and wanted fifty-fifty more than changes. Some wanted to carve up it from other churches by purifying it of all Catholic practices. They became known every bit the Puritans.

However, others believed that you could non change the church and that the simply way to form a new group was to break away entirely. They became known equally the Separatists.

The Church building dictated all aspects of life – from what you ate to what you lot wore. To dispute that rule was a dangerous path ending in prosecution. This was especially foreboding for Separatists.

The Separatist leaders

The leading religious Separatists who voyaged to America in 1620 mostly originated from an area where modernistic-24-hour interval Nottinghamshire, Yorkshire and Lincolnshire meet.

Regarded as unsafe renegades who rejected fundamental principles of the Country and the established Church building of England, they worshipped in underground to avoid arrest and persecution.

Among them was William Brewster, who was brought up in the village of Scrooby in n Nottinghamshire.

Inspired by the radical words of Richard Clifton, the rector of nearby All Saints' Church in Babworth, Brewster is believed to have founded a Separatist Church in his family home - the manor house at Scrooby.

Scrooby Estate House

He was fined for non-omnipresence at St Wilfrid's Church in Scrooby just was respected as an elder and spiritual guide and played a meaning role in the congregation'due south afterwards journeys.

Brewster strongly influenced William Bradford from Austerfield, a nearby South Yorkshire village. When the Separatists landed in America, Bradford went on to become a Governor of the Plymouth Colony, serving for more than than 30 years.

William Bradford's journal, Of Plimoth Plantation, records much of what happened to the group, including how they had become then persecuted that they could no longer live peacefully.

Bradford was baptised St Helena's church where the original font tin can be seen today. Heavily influenced by leading Pilgrim William Brewster, he was a sickly young orphan when they first met, but grew into a passionate religious radical.

A like group had long been growing in the nearby boondocks of Gainsborough in Lincolnshire, drawing members from surrounding villages. They would also worship clandestinely under the guidance of John Smyth at the Gainsborough Old Hall.

Within Gainsborough Old Hall

Escaping to Holland

Every bit the authorities intensified their crackdown on the Separatists, the two groups decided to flee England for Holland – seen as a liberal nation where they could alive peacefully.

I dark in the autumn of 1607, they secretly met a boat on the edge of 'The Wash' at Scotia Creek, near Boston in Lincolnshire – some having walked lx miles.

The monument at Scotia Creek that marks where the Pilgrims tried to make their escape

But the helm of a send betrayed them and the local militia seized the group and took their money, books and personal possessions. Stripped of their property and promise, the group were brought by boat back to Boston and held and tried at the Guildhall, dwelling to the local law courtroom and cells.

They were eventually freed and fabricated a 2nd, successful effort at fleeing to Holland – this time from the coastal town of Immingham in Lincolnshire.

A new life in Leiden

They settled in the city of Leiden via Amsterdam. Leiden was a city of free-thinkers, relative religious tolerance, and a long tradition of offering shelter to the dispossessed.

They built a life in Leiden, living and working hither for 12 years. They built land near the spectacular Pieterskerk church and built houses in what is today known every bit the Engelse poort (English Alley).

Many worked in the textile industry and similar trades – but information technology was hard piece of work and a challenging life. William Brewster operated a printing press in what is today known as 'William Brewster Alley'. Hither he produced dissident pamphlets that were smuggled into England for distribution.

William Brewster Alley

Somewhen the time in a foreign state took its toll and the group started to plan a journeying to a new land to beginning again.

It'south thought there were several reasons for this – not least that the fear their children were effectively growing upwardly every bit Dutch children.

They wanted to find a place completely costless of limitations where they could build a improve economic future. They had been living in pocket-sized houses with large families – and were becoming poor.

The looming threat of war with Spain likewise bandage a cloud over their future.

From 1617 they planned to leave and eventually settled on Virginia in America.

More than half of the group stayed though and fully integrated into Dutch life. Amid them was John Robinson, known as the 'pastor to the Pilgrims'.

Leiden had a profound influence on the lives of the Pilgrims - even after their departure. The concept of civil marriage was 1 innovation they took with them.

Planning the voyage to America

Virginia in America was an attractive destination because several colonies had already settled there. However, they as well felt that they should not settle too near and end up with a similar surroundings to which they originally fled.

The Separatists worked with their counterparts in England to fund and organise the journey – which had to make commercial sense.

They negotiated with merchants in London and convinced them that funding their journeying would see a render on investment thanks to the goods they would be able to transport back to England. They also needed permission to country in Virginia and plant a colony.

A transport chosen the Speedwell would carry the Leiden group to America while another send chosen the Mayflower was hired to take passengers who weren't necessarily travelling for religious reasons.

The Mayflower would sail from the port of Rotherhithe in London, carrying many at that place for work in the new land, who simply wanted to build a new life, crew and servants. Rotherhithe was dwelling to many of the crew including the Mayflower's Captain Christopher Jones.

A statue of Christopher Jones found in St Mary's Church in Rotherhithe

Leaving England

The Speedwell set sheet from The netherlands on 22^nd July 1620, after a moving ceremony by the water's edge.

The plan was to meet the Mayflower in Southampton before heading off together across the Atlantic.

Southampton was a thriving seaport offering all the commercial facilities to provision and equip for the long body of water voyage. Many of the buildings and streets familiar to the passengers so still exist.

When the 2 ships met in the port there were concerns about the Speedwell though, which needed repairs after developing a leak. But on 15th August 1620 the ii ships weighed anchor and set sheet from Southampton.

The two ships didn't go very far when the Speedwell began to take on h2o again. It may have been because she carried besides much canvass, straining her timbers, or the directly upshot of demolition by a reluctant crew.

They changed form for Dartmouth, a port on the due south coast of Devon. Information technology took about a week for the port'south skilled craftsmen to brand adept the harm.

Unfortunately, the 2nd try did not go every bit hoped either. The Mayflower and the Speedwell were 300 miles articulate of Land's End when the smaller transport yet once more began leaking badly and could not hazard standing. The 2 boats turned about for Plymouth.

Ane last stop

By this fourth dimension, the cramped, damp and miserable passengers had already spent upwardly to 6 weeks at sea. With a fair wind and skillful fortune, they would have hoped to be nearing America by so.

The Speedwell was finally declared unfit for the journey. Some of the Pilgrims dropped out. The remainder crowded onto the Mayflower, which required re-provisioning, despite funds running depression.

They left Plymouth on xvi^thursday September 1620, with up to xxx crew and 102 passengers on lath. Just under half of them were Separatists, or Saints. They used the proper name Saints as a fashion to indicate that they were part of a particular group with a sure set of behavior.

The Mayflower Steps in Plymouth, congenital as a memorial to the historic voyage

The rest were known as Strangers, every bit this is how the Saints viewed all others outside of their grouping. Many were skilled tradespeople sent by the investors to help build the new colony. Though enough of the passengers could have probably been defined on either side of this divide.

The passengers

The following passengers were on board the Mayflower:

• John Alden
• Isaac and Mary (Norris) Allerton, and children Bartholomew, Remember, and Mary
• John Allerton
• John and Eleanor Billington, and sons John and Francis.
• William and Dorothy (May) Bradford
• William and Mary Brewster, and children Beloved and Wrestling
• Richard Britteridge
• Peter Browne
• William Butten
• Robert Carter
• John and Katherine (White) Carver
• James and Mrs. Chilton, and girl Mary
• Richard Clarke
• Francis Cooke and son John
• Humility Cooper
• John Crackstone and son John
• Edward Doty
• Francis and Sarah Eaton, and son Samuel
• Thomas English
• Moses Fletcher
• Edward and Mrs. Fuller, and son Samuel
• Samuel Fuller
• Richard Gardiner
• John Goodman
• William Holbeck
• John Hooke
• Stephen and Elizabeth (Fisher) Hopkins and children Constance, Giles and Damaris; son Oceanus was built-in during the voyage.
• John Howland
• John Langmore
• William Latham
• Edward Leister
• Edmund Margesson
• Christopher and Mary (Prower) Martin
• Desire Minter
• Ellen, Jasper, Richard, and Mary More
• William and Alice Mullins and children Priscilla and Joseph
• Degory Priest
• Solomon Prower
• John and Alice Rigsdale
• Thomas Rogers and son Joseph
• Henry Samson
• George Soule
• Myles and Rose Standish
• Elias Story
• Edward Thompson
• Edward and Agnes (Cooper) Tilley
• John and Joan (Hurst) Tilley and daughter Elizabeth
• Thomas and Mrs. Tinker, and a son
• William Trevore
• John Turner, and 2 sons
• Richard Warren
• William and Susanna (Jackson) White, and son Resolved(son Peregrine was born shipboard in Provincetown Harbor after arrival).
• Roger Wilder
• Thomas Williams
• Edward and Elizabeth (Barker) Winslow
• Gilbert Winslow
• "Mr. Ely"
• Dorothy (John Carver'southward maidservant)

Source: New England Historic Genealogical Society

Sailing the Atlantic

The Mayflower took 66 days to cross the Atlantic – a horrible crossing afflicted by winter storms and long bouts of seasickness – so bad that most could barely stand up during the voyage.

By October, they began encountering a number of Atlantic storms that fabricated the voyage treacherous. It was then bad that the sails oftentimes could not be used, instead they but drifted.

One Stranger was swept overboard and one woman, Elizabeth Hopkins, gave birth to a infant boy, aptly named Oceanus.

The Pilgrims intended to state in Northern Virginia and the Hudson River (today New York) was their intended destination. They had received good reports on this region while in the Netherlands.  The Mayflower was nearly correct on target, missing the Hudson River by only a few degrees.

As they approached state, the crew spotted Cape Cod but equally the sunday rose on November 9, 1620.

The Pilgrims decided to head south, to the mouth of the Hudson River in New York, where they intended to make their plantation.

But the rough seas about shipwrecked the Mayflower and instead they decided to stay and explore Cape Cod rather than risk another journey south. They anchored in what is at present Provincetown Harbor. Soon later, Susannah White gave birth to a son aboard the Mayflower, the beginning English child born in the colony. He was named Peregrine, derived from the Latin for 'pilgrim'.

The Mayflower Compact

The colonists knew they had no right to settle in this land they had unintentionally arrived upon and decided to depict upwards a document that gave them some attempt at legal continuing.

An analogy of the signing of the Mayflower Compact

So upon arrival the settlers drew up the Mayflower Compact. Signed by 41 men on lath, the compact was an agreement to cooperate for the general skilful of the colony. They would deal with issues by voting, establish constitutional police force and rule by the majority.

The document read:

In the name of God, Amen. We, whose names are underwritten, the loyal subjects of our dread Sovereigne Lord, Male monarch James, past the grace of God, of Great Britaine, French republic and Ireland king, defender of the faith, etc. having undertaken, for the celebrity of God, and advancement of the Christian organized religion, and honour of our rex and country, a voyage to plant the first colony in the Northerne parts of Virginia, doe by these presents solemnly and mutually in the presence of God and 1 of another, covenant and combine ourselves together into a civill body politick, for our amend ordering and preservation, and furtherance of the ends aforesaid; and by virtue hereof to enacte, constitute, and frame such just and equall laws, ordinances, acts, constitutions and offices, from time to fourth dimension, every bit shall be thought well-nigh meete and convenient for the generall good of the Colonie unto which we promise all due submission and obedience. In witness whereof we have hereunder subscribed our names at Greatcoat-Codd the 11. of November, in the year of the raigne of our sovereigne lord, Male monarch James, of England, France and Ireland, the eighteenth, and of Scotland the fiftie-fourth. Anno Dom. 1620.

Watching from the west

The Pilgrims would spend the side by side calendar month and a one-half exploring Greatcoat Cod, while virtually stayed on lath the ship, trying to make up one's mind where they would build their plantation.

They searched much of the coastline in this region including the expanse now known as Plymouth.

The replica Mayflower in Plymouth, Massachusetts today

Watching on were a pocket-sized group of Native Americans, people for whom this area was already home. The new arrivals tried to follow them but got lost and stuck amid some dumbo thickets. They decided to change grade and came beyond cleared land where corn had been grown and abased houses.

They found buried corn, which they took dorsum to the send, intending to institute information technology and grow more corn, eventually returning what they had taken. They as well establish graves.

This village they had stumbled upon was once called Patuxet just had since been deserted following the outbreak of disease.

This was a legacy of what the Native American people had already experienced from European colonists in the 17^th century.

The native inhabitants of the region around Plymouth Colony were the various groups of the Wampanoag people and other tribes, who had lived there for some 10,000 years before the Europeans arrived.

The Great Dying

When the Separatists were living in Leiden in 1616, in the same year a map was published detailing explorations of the Cape Cod expanse to the Bay of Fundy.

But these names were meaningless to the people who lived in this region, which is thought to accept been known as Dawnland.

And to them 1616 was memorable for very unlike reasons – the outbreak of European diseases that would devastate their communities.

Ships from England had been line-fishing and trading in Due north America waters since the beginning of the xvi^th century. They would too bring Native Americans back to Europe – some as slaves – often to callously exhibit.

Some were taught English language so they could get interpreters in future. In 1614, six years earlier the Pilgrims arrived, 27 natives were seized by a human called Thomas Hunt.

The majority came from Patuxet, the very abandoned village the Pilgrims would afterward find, and what is now modern-day Plymouth, Massachusetts.

One of these was named Tisquantum (besides known equally Squanto). Hunt tried to sell the natives equally slaves in Spain but somehow Tisquantum made his way to England, where he learned some English and was used as an interpreter in future trips to America.

Eventually he found his manner dorsum to Patuxet, where tragically he found his family unit and village had been wiped out by illness brought by European settlers and explorers.

A Wampanoag hut

Betwixt 1616 and 1619 a mysterious affliction that would become known as the 'Great Dying' ravaged this region, earlier the Mayflower laid anchor in Cape Cod.

In the wintertime of 1616-17 an trek dispatched by Sir Ferdinando Gorges found a region devastated by war and affliction, the remaining people then "sore afflicted with the plague, for that the state was in a style left void of inhabitants."

Two years later another Englishman found "ancient plantations" at present completely empty with few inhabitants – and those that had survived were suffering.

And then before the Mayflower arrived, this region had greatly suffered from the effects of colonisation.

The first harsh winter

Before settling on what is at present Plymouth, the Pilgrims explored other areas of the coast, including an area inhabited by the Nauset people. They saw some figures on the shore who fled when they approached. They explored and plant more than graves, which they decided not to dig.

They remained ashore overnight and the following morning, they were attacked with arrows. The colonists shot back with guns but could non find them. That would be the last contact until the spring.

On Dec 25, 1620, the Saints and the Strangers departed the bleak shores of Provincetown and arrived, finally, in what is now Plymouth Bay, Massachusetts, on 26^th Dec 1620.

They decided this place, once home to the people of Patuxet, would be where they settled and began construction of their starting time buildings.

Just the showtime winter was cold and many of the passengers stayed on board the Mayflower. The ship became home to the sick and dying, with many succumbing to a mixture of contagious diseases.

Building the colony

The settlement's first fort and watchtower was built on what is at present known as Burying Colina (the area contains the graves of Bradford and other original settlers).

The get-go common house nearly completed in Jan, congenital for general use. Each single human being was ordered to bring together himself to ane of the nineteen families in order to eliminate the demand to build whatever more houses than absolutely necessary.

The Plimoth Plantation recreation of the hamlet

Each extended family unit was assigned a plot and they each built their own home and the settlement was by and large built by February.

The first house was congenital every bit a hospital. Thirty-i of the company were dead past the end of February, with deaths all the same rising. Coles Hill became the showtime cemetery, on a prominence in a higher place the beach

Simply 47 colonists had survived and at its worst merely six or seven were able to feed and care for the residue. In this time, half theMayflower crew also died.

When his crew began to recover from illness, the Mayflower's captain Christopher Jones sailed the ship back to England, taking half the time that information technology did on its outward journey.

The Wampanoag and the Pilgrims

The Pilgrims were settling on land home to the Wampanoag – one of many tribes in the wider region. The Wampanoag had lived here for ten,000 years before they arrived.

Each tribe in New England had their ain territory in which to fish, harvest and hunt. The boundaries for hunting were very strict as some areas had large populations.

The Wampanoag people knew how to piece of work with the land and moved betwixt sites to become the best of their harvest. They spent the summer about the shore and the winter in country, amongst the woods.

The Wampanoag worked together - a number of groups united together. A head Sachem managed a Sachem from each of the groups. Within this system, family and grouping links were the nigh of import, connecting them to each other and their territory.

In the years earlier the Mayflower landed, The Wampanoag had been attacked by neighbouring tribes, losing land along the coast. Then came the Bully Dying and the losses were and so devastating that the Wampanoag had to reorganise its structure and Sachems had to join together and build new unions.

A historic peace

During March 1621, an English speaking member of the Wamponaog, named Samoset, entered the grounds of the Plymouth colony and introduced himself. He is said to have asked for a beer and spent the night talking with the settlers. Samoset, after, brought another fellow member of his tribe – Tisquantum, whose experience meant his English was much avant-garde.

Tisquantum taught them to plant corn, which became an important crop, as well as where to fish and hunt beaver.

He introduced them to the Wampanoag chief Ousamequin, chief of the Pokanoket people known equally Massasoit, an important moment in developing relations.

The statue of Ousamequin that stands on land he would take one time ruled over today

One of the outset to greet him was Edward Winslow, originally from Worcestershire. A leader in the Separatist group and a skilful diplomat, Winslow had not only been instrumental in organising the journeying to America, just was also i of the men who signed the historic Mayflower Meaty.

The Wampanoag were wary of the nearby Narragansett tribe, who had not been affected by the disease epidemics and remained a powerful tribe.

They demanded that the Wampanoag show them honour and tribute. Ousamequin would have known an alliance with these new English colonists might aid fend off whatsoever attacks from the Narragansett.

In 1621, the Narragansett sent the Plymouth colony a threat of arrows wrapped up in snake skin. William Bradford, who was governor of the colony at the time, filled the serpent pare with pulverization and bullets and sent it dorsum.

The Narragansett knew what this message meant, and would not attack the colony.

Ousamequin and The Pilgrims established an historic peace treaty and the Wampanoag went on to teach them how to hunt, establish crops and how to get the best of their harvest, saving the Pilgrims from starvation.

It is believed that Winslow was even able to help nurse Ousamequin back to health when he fell sick, reportedly using his renowned craven soup and strengthening their relationship further.

The outset Thanksgiving

Success followed and post-obit a bumper harvest in the autumn of 1621, the colonists decided to celebrate with a three-twenty-four hour period festival of prayer.

The 53 surviving settlers invited their Native Americans friends to join them for a huge feast in what was to become known equally the first Thanksgiving.

Ane of two first-paw accounts of this commemoration was contained in the book Mourt's Relation, primarily written past Winslow. The book describes in detail what happened from the landing of the Mayflower Pilgrims right through to this celebratory feast.

Winslow's account states:

"Our corn did prove well, and God be praised, nosotros had a skillful increase of Indian corn, and our barley indifferent practiced, but our peas not worth gathering, for we feared they were too late sown. They came up very well, and blossomed, just the sun parched them in the blossom. Our harvest being gotten in, our governor sent four men on fowling, that and so we might subsequently a special manner rejoice together, after we had gathered the fruits of our labors; they four in one 24-hour interval killed as much fowl, as with a little help beside, served the company almost a week, at which time amid other recreations, we exercised our arms, many of the Indians coming amidst u.s.a., and amongst the residue their greatest rex Massasoit, with some xc men, whom for three days we entertained and feasted, and they went out and killed five deer, which they brought to the plantation and bestowed on our Governor, and upon the Captain and others. And although it be not e'er so plentiful, as it was at this time with usa, notwithstanding by the goodness of God, we are so far from want, that nosotros often wish you partakers of our enough."

Today, the US celebrates Thanksgiving on the 4th Th of November.

The impact of colonisation

The repressive church rule in England would drive more people to follow the Mayflower to America. Another transport arrived in 1621 and two more in 1623.

In 1630, i,000 Puritans arrived under Governor John Winthrop under a lease from by the Massachusetts Bay Company. Winthrop presently established Boston as the capital of Massachusetts Bay Colony, and information technology would soon abound into the biggest colony in the area.

These Puritans wanted to gratis themselves of the Church of England and 'purify' it from Roman Catholic practices.

They arrived under the guise of creating a perfect city – but ended upward creating a social club but as intolerant. Quakers were persecuted with public hangings and whippings.

Tensions between these colonists and the Native American people rose. The colonists brought more disease to which the Native Americans would take no immunity. Smallpox would ravage communities even so recovering from the Great Dying. Violence increased.

Past the 1630s, the Native Americans in this region were in the minority in their ain lands and wars such every bit the fell Pequot War reduced the population significantly.

By 1676 Boston was an economically flourishing town with a population of virtually 4,000 and had established itself as the ascendant force.

King Philip's State of war

The advisedly managed peace that had originated betwixt the Wampanoag and the Plymouth colony was eventually shattered past King Philip'south War in 1675.

When Ousamequin died in 1662 his son and heir Metacom no longer believed in the value of the alliance with the colonists. The collapse of trade agreements and the ambitious expansion of the colonies left relations at breaking signal.

Tensions were raised when the colonists demanded the peace agreement should mean the Wampanoag hand over any guns, and hung iii of the tribe for murder in 1675.

Metacom - who was known as King Philip by the English - led an insurgence ofWampanoag, Nipmuck, Pocumtuck and Narragansett tribes. They came upwardly against the biggest army the colonial leaders could muster, that fought in coalition with other tribes.

The state of war is seen as a concluding attempt to drive out the colonists and lasted 14 months. It is considered the deadliest war in American history.

The colonist army burned villages every bit they went and by the end of the war, the Wampanoag and their Narragansett allies were almost completely destroyed. Metacom fled to Mountain Promise where he was finally killed by the militia.

This war was fought by colonists without support from England or any other European government and is often seen equally the moment a new American identity was formed.

The fate of the Plymouth colony

Eventually the likes of Brewster and Winslow went on to constitute their ain communities and the colony began to struggle. The cost of the war did non assist and after a colonial governor was appointed to rule over New England in 1692, Plymouth was absorbed into Massachusetts.

The term Pilgrim originated in 1820, when during the 200^th commemoration of the colony's landing they were referred to as the Pilgrim Fathers in reference to Bradford's manuscript where he names passengers on the boat from Leiden 'saints' and 'pilgrimes'. The phrase was coined.

Mod Response

The Native American activist group, The United American Indians of New England, continues to raise awareness of racism towards Native Americans and the consequences of colonialism. When the Wampanoag leader, Frank James, was informed that his speech was inappropriate and inflammatory for the annual Thanksgiving ceremony 1970, he refused to read their revised speech.

Supporters followed James to hear him give his original oral communication on Cole's Colina, side by side to the statue of Ousamequin. This became the starting time National Day of Mourning, which continues today in Plymouth, Massachusetts, on the aforementioned twenty-four hours as Thanksgiving.

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Source: https://www.mayflower400uk.org/education/the-mayflower-story/

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